Since the election of the Rudd Labor government last year Australians seem to be under some sort of delusion that what we do here in Australia will actually have an impact on global climate. These delusions seem to have increased with the release of the Garnaut Climate Change Review Draft Report last Friday.
The front page of the weekend edition of the Sydney Morning Herald suggests that unless we immediately start work on a carbon trading scheme to operate from 2010 – and accept that the price of petrol, gas, power and food will rise – then it will be the end of agriculture in the Murray-Darling Basin by 2100, 5.5 million people will be exposed to dengue virus, it will be the end of the Great Barrier Reef and the beginning of political instability in neighbouring countries.
This is simply not true.
Indeed even Ross Garnaut acknowledges in his report that for there to be any impact on global carbon dioxide levels, the world’s major economies must do something about their emissions. The Professor lists China, the US, the European Union, Indonesia, Brazil, Russia then India, as the world’s largest greenhouse emitters and in that order.
Emissions from Australia make up only about 1 percent of the world total. In reality, we are a nation of just 21 million people at the bottom of the world. There are 1.3 billion people in China (India 1.1 billion, US 304 million and Indonesia 231 million) and given China and most other developing countries have no intension of limiting their greenhouse gas emissions in the short to medium term atmospheric levels of greenhouse gases are likely to continue to increase.
And I am not conceding that the apparently elevated levels of carbon dioxide are driving global temperatures.
Indeed atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide have increased significantly over the last few decades and global temperatures did increase over the period 1975 to 1998, but since then they appear to have plateaued.
The prediction was that 2007 would be really hot, but it wasn’t.
There has been a breakdown in the correlation between increasingly levels of carbon dioxide and global temperatures.
Instead of acknowledging this in his report Professor Garnaut has deferred to two fellows at the Australian National University who he describes as "eminent econometricians" and quotes them apparently concluding that “viewed from the perspective of 30 or 50 years ago, the temperature recorded in most of the last decade lie above the confidence band produced by any model that does not allow for a warming trend” (pg. 113).
Why doesn’t the Professor just acknowledge that over the last 10 years, viewed from now, there has been no global warming and that now is not the time to introduce a radical new emission trading scheme that is sure to force up the price of everything, particularly given that our big neighbours, including Indonesia with a population of 231 million, have no plans to do the same.
The bottom line is that the introduction of an emissions trading scheme into Australia is likely to deliver real economic hardship while delivering no environmental benefit. Indeed it is absurd to suggest that the introduction of an emissions trading scheme in Australia will have any impact on the environment of the Murray Darling Basin or the Great Barrier Reef.
Australians are indeed deluding themselves if they think that by simply paying more for their petrol, they can influence global temperature trends, never mind that there has been no warming for 10 years now.
Thanks Luke
Given the state of modelling as shown in those articles it makes one a little unsure of the accuracy of the predictions of the effects of AGW on the east coast of Australia.
see if these help
http://ncas-climate.nerc.ac.uk/~ericg/publications/Guilyardi_etal_JC04.pdf
http://ams.allenpress.com/archive/1520-0442/19/1/pdf/i1520-0442-19-1-69.pdf
http://ams.allenpress.com/archive/1520-0442/16/8/pdf/i1520-0442-16-8-1141.pdf
Sorry Luke
"There are a number of theories - westerly wind bursts seem to start the process off, but it may be that it is just an inherent property of the ocean system - some sort of inherent oscillator. i.e. no beginning nor end
Whether AGW will lead to greater frequency of El Nino events is not clear (IPCC). Some have suggested that the Pacific will tend to a warmer "El Nino-like" mean state. But is this an El Nino."
I guess my inarticulate point is this; "if one does not have an accepted theory of what starts the process off" how can one start predicting more frequent and more severe El Nino effects with calamitous results for Eastern Australian agriculture, environment etc? There are almost daily predictions from CSIRO, Climate Institutes about more and increasing droughts etc. I am just wondering about the theoretical basis for their predictions given the influence of El Nino/El Nina on our climate.
Well Blair - look no further than "causes" at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Ni%C3%B1o-Southern_Oscillation - has a summary of major causes theory. It seems to be an inherent property of the system that can produce the phenomena through a series of positive feedbacks.
Thanks Luke. I just what an answer to this question;"as far as I can see nobody can say what causes an El Nino or La Nina event. What actually causes the switch in ocean temperature?"
Blair
Not sure what you mean Blair. There are text books and hundreds of papers about El Nino theory and behaviour. The paper is subtle though....
However, if global warming is largely responsible
for the observed decline in the average value of the SOI
over the period 1977–2006 then the threshold values used
to define ENSO events need to be lowered (by approximately
3 SOI units). Under the new thresholds the apparent
dominance of El Nin˜o disappears. This simple interpretation
gives a result that is consistent with modelling results:
global warming weakens the Walker Circulation and warms
the tropical Pacific Ocean, but has little impact on tropical
ENSO-driven variability about the new mean-state [Meehl
et al., 2007]. While plausible, further research is needed to
help quantify the extent to which global warming has in fact
driven the unprecedented recent decline in the 30-year
average value of the SOI.
Thanks Luke but "However, our results,
together with results from climate models forced with
increasing greenhouse gas levels, suggest that the recent
apparent dominance might instead reflect a shift to a lower
mean SOI value."
Fair enough but where is the theory?
Blair - to your first question on origin of El Nino etc. There are a number of theories - westerly wind bursts seem to start the process off, but it may be that it is just an inherent property of the ocean system - some sort of inherent oscillator. i.e. no beginning nor end
Whether AGW will lead to greater frequency of El Nino events is not clear (IPCC). Some have suggested that the Pacific will tend to a warmer "El Nino-like" mean state. But is this an El Nino.
El Nino events have occurred in clusters over time geological time.
However Smith and Power (reported this blog) have documented a decrease in the Walker circulation.
Weakening of the Walker Circulation and apparent dominance of El
Nino both reach record levels, but has ENSO really changed?
Scott B. Power 1 and Ian N. Smith 2
Received 21 May 2007; revised 30 July 2007; accepted 10 August 2007; published 20 September 2007.
[1] Changes in El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and
the Walker Circulation can be routinely monitored using the
Southern Oscillation Index (SOI). Here we show that the
lowest 30-year average value of the June–December SOI
just occurred (i.e. in 1977–2006), and that this coincided
with the highest recorded value in mean sea-level pressure
at Darwin, the weakest equatorial surface wind-stresses and
the highest tropical sea-surface temperatures on record. We
also document what appears to be a concurrent period of
unprecedented El Nino dominance. However, our results,
together with results from climate models forced with
increasing greenhouse gas levels, suggest that the recent
apparent dominance might instead reflect a shift to a lower
mean SOI value. It seems that global warming now needs to
be taken into account in both the formulation of ENSO
indices and in the evaluation and exploitation of statistical
links between ENSO and climate variability over the globe.
This could very well lead to the development of more accurate
seasonal-to-interannual climate forecasts. Citation: Power,
S. B., and I. N. Smith (2007), Weakening of the Walker Circulation
and apparent dominance of El Nino both reach record levels, but
has ENSO really changed?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L18702,
doi:10.1029/2007GL030854.
Sorry Luke
I muddled up the Louis and Luke
Blair