I've been asked to open a new thread. So, why not introduce a new topic? I really like goat's cheese, and especially Meredith Dairy goat cheese.
This is an unsolicited advertisement for one of my favourite foods.
"Ice-penetrating radar and drilling have led to some surprises in Greenland during the last few years. The continent is bowl-shaped, it has a massive canyon running down its middle, and it contains a large aquifer of liquid water beneath the ice.
NASA’s ice-penetrating radar is interpreted to show that the bedrock of the island is bowl-shaped as shown in the image below. That means that the continental ice sheet is in no danger of slipping into to ocean as some have proposed.
The radar imaging shows a large canyon running down the center of the island (see story from LiveScience.) The canyon starts in the middle of the island and heads northwest to the Petermann Glacier on the coast. The canyon is about 460 miles long, six miles wide, and up to 2,600 feet deep. This canyon must have been carved before the ice sheet formed 1.8 million years ago.
More recently, a giant aquifer of liquid water has been identified below the ice sheet (see story here). This discovery is based upon both NASA’s Operation Icebridge radar data and upon drilling. Researchers estimate that the aquifer covers about 27,000 square miles. The aquifer is apparently fed by meltwater that percolates from the surface during the summer. Researchers speculate that the thick ice and snow cover insulates it and keeps the aquifer from freezing.
But there is another possibility for why the water is not frozen. The Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, claims that “The Greenland ice sheet is melting from below, caused by a high heat flow from the mantle into the lithosphere.” “The Greenland lithosphere is 2.8 to 1.7 billion years old and is only about 70 to 80 kilometers thick under Central Greenland.”
Even though the continental ice sheet is confined by topography, there will still be calving from outlet glaciers in fjords along the coast. During the 2000s, there was much media hype about faster than normal calving of these glaciers, but research shows that the rate was similar to that in the 1930s and due to the North Atlantic Oscillation (source).
Hi Larry,
Ferdinand Magellan was playing 'ducks and drakes' with Portugal and Spain , for funding.
The Spanish had signed some agreement giving Portugal right of way to this area , so needed to find another route.
There is credible evidence that Portugal sent three ships to ambush Magellan. Maps showing parts of OZ and NZ were around and seemingly used to find refuge etc , by Cook.
The famous 'mahogany ship ' is likely one of these, as the old maps end there . (Warnambool)
At least one of these ships spent a lot of time lurking around Northern Oz. Only one made it home and they missed Magellan's expedition , who had seemingly already gone by.
The captain of the lone returnee was last heard of, tryng to sell his maps.
The Wandjinas are theorised by some, to be representations of the Portuguese of the day , with their frills and bonnets.
You've asked a big question. Since I've never been to Australia, am not an archaeologist, and have a 'purple thumb, I cannot give a definitive a answer. That said, I'll take my best shot.
The two Bradshaw boats -- one of which had a rudder, and carried more than 20 people -- is preliminary evidence of a settled, prehistoric lifestyle in the Kimberley. (Or that their art depicted the earliest known science fiction!) Do nomads have sufficient food that a class of craftsmen could build boats? Was there also an artist class who produced the 100k or so Bradshaw paintings?
The Bradshaw people predate the present-day aborigines who live in the Kimberley. And there's a huge disconnect between the two cultures. Nobody knows what happened to the Bradshaw people. This fact partly explains the academic sniping directed at the late Graham Walsh by 'Establishment' archaeologists in Australia.
There's a widespread belief that ALL aborigines were semi-nomadic, hunter-gatherers until 1788. If the Bradshaw people had cereal grain crops or starchy root crops, they left no trace of either.
This article about eel 'farming' by the Gunditjmara people in NSW is a counterexample. Some experts estimate that their agricultural system had been ongoing for something like 8k years by the time Europeans arrived. The take-home: At least some ancient Australians had agriculture.
Budj Bim National Heritage Landscape
Sacred to the Gunditjmara people, the Budj Bim National Heritage Landscape is home to the remains of potentially one of Australia’s largest aquaculture systems.
For thousands of years the Gunditjmara people flourished through their ingenious methods of channelling water flows and systematically harvesting eels to ensure a year round supply. Here the Gunditjmara lived in permanent settlements, dispelling the myth that Australia’s Indigenous peoples were all nomadic.
Dating back thousands of years, the area shows evidence of a large, settled Aboriginal community systematically farming and smoking eels for food and trade in what is considered to be one of Australia’s earliest and largest aquaculture ventures.
I thought this was interesting
http://wryheat.wordpress.com/2014/02/01/greenland-surprises/
"Ice-penetrating radar and drilling have led to some surprises in Greenland during the last few years. The continent is bowl-shaped, it has a massive canyon running down its middle, and it contains a large aquifer of liquid water beneath the ice.
NASA’s ice-penetrating radar is interpreted to show that the bedrock of the island is bowl-shaped as shown in the image below. That means that the continental ice sheet is in no danger of slipping into to ocean as some have proposed.
The radar imaging shows a large canyon running down the center of the island (see story from LiveScience.) The canyon starts in the middle of the island and heads northwest to the Petermann Glacier on the coast. The canyon is about 460 miles long, six miles wide, and up to 2,600 feet deep. This canyon must have been carved before the ice sheet formed 1.8 million years ago.
More recently, a giant aquifer of liquid water has been identified below the ice sheet (see story here). This discovery is based upon both NASA’s Operation Icebridge radar data and upon drilling. Researchers estimate that the aquifer covers about 27,000 square miles. The aquifer is apparently fed by meltwater that percolates from the surface during the summer. Researchers speculate that the thick ice and snow cover insulates it and keeps the aquifer from freezing.
But there is another possibility for why the water is not frozen. The Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, claims that “The Greenland ice sheet is melting from below, caused by a high heat flow from the mantle into the lithosphere.” “The Greenland lithosphere is 2.8 to 1.7 billion years old and is only about 70 to 80 kilometers thick under Central Greenland.”
Even though the continental ice sheet is confined by topography, there will still be calving from outlet glaciers in fjords along the coast. During the 2000s, there was much media hype about faster than normal calving of these glaciers, but research shows that the rate was similar to that in the 1930s and due to the North Atlantic Oscillation (source).
Back in the Dreamtime the Murray River's mouth closed over… http://www.mythandthemurray.org/when-ngurunderi-walked-across-the-murrays-mouth/
Hi Larry,
Ferdinand Magellan was playing 'ducks and drakes' with Portugal and Spain , for funding.
The Spanish had signed some agreement giving Portugal right of way to this area , so needed to find another route.
There is credible evidence that Portugal sent three ships to ambush Magellan. Maps showing parts of OZ and NZ were around and seemingly used to find refuge etc , by Cook.
The famous 'mahogany ship ' is likely one of these, as the old maps end there . (Warnambool)
At least one of these ships spent a lot of time lurking around Northern Oz. Only one made it home and they missed Magellan's expedition , who had seemingly already gone by.
The captain of the lone returnee was last heard of, tryng to sell his maps.
The Wandjinas are theorised by some, to be representations of the Portuguese of the day , with their frills and bonnets.
It is possible, but may not ever be known.
Oops! L Condah is in Victoria, not NSW.
Hi Jennifer,
You've asked a big question. Since I've never been to Australia, am not an archaeologist, and have a 'purple thumb, I cannot give a definitive a answer. That said, I'll take my best shot.
The two Bradshaw boats -- one of which had a rudder, and carried more than 20 people -- is preliminary evidence of a settled, prehistoric lifestyle in the Kimberley. (Or that their art depicted the earliest known science fiction!) Do nomads have sufficient food that a class of craftsmen could build boats? Was there also an artist class who produced the 100k or so Bradshaw paintings?
The Bradshaw people predate the present-day aborigines who live in the Kimberley. And there's a huge disconnect between the two cultures. Nobody knows what happened to the Bradshaw people. This fact partly explains the academic sniping directed at the late Graham Walsh by 'Establishment' archaeologists in Australia.
There's a widespread belief that ALL aborigines were semi-nomadic, hunter-gatherers until 1788. If the Bradshaw people had cereal grain crops or starchy root crops, they left no trace of either.
This article about eel 'farming' by the Gunditjmara people in NSW is a counterexample. Some experts estimate that their agricultural system had been ongoing for something like 8k years by the time Europeans arrived. The take-home: At least some ancient Australians had agriculture.
Budj Bim National Heritage Landscape
Sacred to the Gunditjmara people, the Budj Bim National Heritage Landscape is home to the remains of potentially one of Australia’s largest aquaculture systems.
For thousands of years the Gunditjmara people flourished through their ingenious methods of channelling water flows and systematically harvesting eels to ensure a year round supply. Here the Gunditjmara lived in permanent settlements, dispelling the myth that Australia’s Indigenous peoples were all nomadic.
Dating back thousands of years, the area shows evidence of a large, settled Aboriginal community systematically farming and smoking eels for food and trade in what is considered to be one of Australia’s earliest and largest aquaculture ventures.
Read more here.
http://www.lakecondah.com/budjbim.html